Short answer: an inductive reasoning test, also called an abstract reasoning test, shows a pattern of shapes or symbols and asks you to find the rule and pick what comes next. It uses almost no reading and no subject knowledge. The skill is spotting what changes from one step to the next.
Last checked: 15 October 2026. By Prepti. Spotted something out of date? Contact us.
What it measures
SHL says inductive tests may also be called abstract reasoning or diagrammatic-style tests, and that they measure the ability to work flexibly with unfamiliar information and find solutions (SHL example questions). Saville describes abstract reasoning as how well someone finds the rules in unfamiliar patterns of shapes and symbols, with almost no reading (Saville abstract reasoning).
Formats you may see
- A sequence of boxes with one missing. SHL’s example page shows a logical sequence of five boxes where you choose from A to E which completes it (SHL example questions).
- Interactive, activity-based versions. SHL’s Verify Interactive Inductive Reasoning fact sheet gives 18 minutes and a maximum of 15 questions, in an interactive format using shapes and alphanumeric characters (SHL fact sheet). That is one test. Yours may differ.
- Abstract items inside combined tests. Saville lists combined ranges that include abstract reasoning, such as an 18-minute combination of numerical, verbal and abstract (Saville aptitude tests).
How to find the rule
Check these in order for each step of the pattern:
- Shape: does it change, repeat, or cycle?
- Number: does a count go up, down or alternate?
- Position: does something move around the box?
- Colour or fill: does it switch between solid and hollow?
- Rotation: does something turn by the same amount each step?
Often two rules run at the same time. If one rule does not explain everything, look for a second.
Three worked examples
These are original and written for this page. Each is shown as plain text so it works with screen readers.
Example 1: a repeating cycle
Sequence: ▲ ■ ● ▲ ■ ● ▲ ■ ?
The three shapes repeat in the same order. The next shape is ●.
Example 2: two rules together
Sequence of boxes: ● | ○○ | ●●● | ○○○○ | ?
- Rule 1: the number of circles goes up by one each box.
- Rule 2: the fill alternates between solid and hollow.
The next box has five solid circles: ●●●●●.
Example 3: rotation plus a counter
Sequence of boxes (arrow direction, number): ↑ 1 | → 2 | ↓ 3 | ← 4 | ?
- Rule 1: the arrow turns 90 degrees clockwise each box.
- Rule 2: the number goes up by one.
The next box is ↑ 5. The arrow has completed a full turn and starts again.
Time strategy
- Give each question a rough time budget based on your test’s limit and number of questions, and stick to it where you can.
- If you cannot find the rule quickly and your test allows it, make a best guess and move on.
- Do not retrace the whole pattern each time. Check your list above in order.
Common mistakes
- Locking onto the first rule and ignoring a second one.
- Checking only the last two boxes instead of the whole sequence.
- Treating a one-off change as part of the rule.
- Running out of time on one hard question.
How to practise
- Free official practice first. SHL offers free inductive reasoning practice tests, including a mobile-enabled interactive version (SHL practice tests). Saville offers free timed practice for its aptitude ranges (Saville practice advice).
- After each question, say out loud which rule you used.
- Add a timer once the format is familiar.
- Paid packs are optional. See how we compare them in how we rank.
Prepti has a free logical reasoning practice test of 15 original number and letter pattern questions, each with an explanation. The worked examples above use shapes and symbols. This test uses number and letter patterns only, with no diagrams, and it is unofficial.
Inductive, abstract and diagrammatic: are they the same?
The names overlap. SHL says inductive tests may also be called abstract or diagrammatic-style tests (SHL example questions). Saville, on the other hand, treats abstract and diagrammatic as separate test types in its ranges (Saville aptitude tests). Go by the exact name in your invitation and the publisher’s page for it.
FAQ
Do I need maths for this? No. It is pattern-finding with shapes and symbols.
Is it timed? Usually yes. The limit depends on the test and the employer.
Can I get better with practice? Practice helps you get used to the format and the pace. We do not promise any score change.
What is a good score? Employers set cut-offs and mostly do not publish them. We do not give pass marks.
I need extra time or another format. Who do I ask? The employer, before you start. SHL says extensions need the employer’s approval (SHL support).